What could be a consequence of extravasation of norepinephrine?

Extravasation of norepinephrine can lead to skin necrosis as a serious consequence. Norepinephrine is a potent vasoconstrictor, and when it leaks out of the intended intravenous administration site into surrounding tissues, it can cause local blood vessel constriction and reduced blood flow in that area. This diminished blood supply can lead to tissue ischemia and eventual necrosis if not addressed promptly.

Skin necrosis is particularly concerning because the affected tissue can suffer irreversible damage, leading to the loss of skin integrity and potentially requiring surgical intervention. Monitoring for signs of extravasation and managing intravenous norepinephrine carefully is crucial to prevent this outcome.

In contrast, vasodilation would not be a consequence of norepinephrine extravasation, as the drug's primary effect is to constrict blood vessels. Reduced heart rate is also unrelated to extravasation; rather, norepinephrine typically increases heart rate by stimulating beta-adrenergic receptors. Hypertension might result from increased levels of norepinephrine, but it does not directly relate to the consequence of extravasation itself.