What is a common adverse effect of ACE inhibitors like captopril?

ACE inhibitors, such as captopril, are widely used to treat hypertension and heart failure, but they are associated with specific adverse effects. One common adverse effect is a persistent cough, which can occur in a significant number of patients. This cough results from the accumulation of bradykinin, a substance that is normally degraded by angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE). When ACE is inhibited, bradykinin levels can increase, leading to stimulation of the sensory nerves in the respiratory tract and resulting in a dry, non-productive cough.

This cough can be bothersome enough for some patients to switch to another class of antihypertensive medications if it does not resolve. Understanding this side effect helps healthcare providers monitor their patients effectively and manage any discomfort that may arise during treatment with ACE inhibitors.