What is a common adverse effect of ACE inhibitors related to cough?

The adverse effect of a dry cough associated with ACE inhibitors is primarily linked to increased levels of bradykinin. ACE inhibitors work by blocking the angiotensin-converting enzyme, which not only decreases the production of angiotensin II (a potent vasoconstrictor) but also prevents the breakdown of bradykinin. As bradykinin levels rise, it may lead to irritation of the respiratory tract, causing a persistent dry cough in some patients. This side effect is important for healthcare providers and patients to consider, as it may necessitate switching to an alternative class of antihypertensive medication if bothersome.

Other potential side effects like increased heart rate, swelling of the gums, or dizziness upon standing are not directly related to the mechanism of action of ACE inhibitors and do not typically occur due to elevated bradykinin levels, making them less relevant in this context.