When discussing adverse effects of ACE inhibitors, which should be mentioned?

ACE inhibitors are a class of medications commonly used to treat high blood pressure and heart failure. When discussing their adverse effects, one significant reaction that is often highlighted is chronic cough. This occurs due to the accumulation of bradykinin, a substance that ACE inhibitors increase by inhibiting its breakdown. This cough can be bothersome enough for some patients that they may need to discontinue the medication.

In addition to cough, other potential adverse effects can include gastrointestinal issues such as constipation. While not as common as the cough, some patients might experience changes in bowel habits.

Photosensitivity is another possible side effect attributed to the use of certain ACE inhibitors, leading to an increased sensitivity of the skin to sunlight.

Given that all these effects—cough, constipation, and photosensitivity—can be experienced by patients taking ACE inhibitors, it is crucial to mention them when discussing the adverse effects of this medication class. Therefore, recognizing that all these issues can occur and are relevant to patient care is why the option indicating all of the above should be highlighted.