Which classes of drugs may cause hyperkalemia?

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The correct answer highlights the classes of drugs that are well-known to potentially cause hyperkalemia, which is an elevated level of potassium in the blood. ACE inhibitors (Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme inhibitors) and ARBs (Angiotensin II Receptor Blockers) both work by interfering with the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system, leading to decreased aldosterone production. Aldosterone helps in the excretion of potassium in the urine, so if its levels are reduced, potassium can build up in the body, resulting in hyperkalemia.

Potassium-sparing diuretics also lead to hyperkalemia as they act by inhibiting sodium reabsorption in the renal tubules while conserving potassium. Unlike other diuretics, which can lead to potassium loss, potassium-sparing diuretics specifically counteract this effect and may even cause excessive retention of potassium, particularly when taken with other medications that increase potassium levels such as ACE inhibitors or ARBs.

The other classes of drugs listed do not have the same direct effects on potassium levels. Beta-blockers and calcium channel blockers primarily affect heart rate and blood vessel dilation rather than potassium balance. Diuretics generally lead to the loss of potassium, so they are not typically associated

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