Which of the following can complicate the management of hypertension?

Excessive alcohol consumption can significantly complicate the management of hypertension due to its direct effects on blood pressure. Chronic drinking is linked to various cardiovascular risks, leading to elevated blood pressure levels, increased heart rate, and alterations in blood vessel function. It can also interfere with the effectiveness of antihypertensive medications, making it more challenging for patients to achieve their blood pressure goals. Furthermore, alcohol can contribute to weight gain, another risk factor for hypertension, and can also trigger spikes in blood pressure.

In contrast, regular exercise, increased fruit intake, and a high-fiber diet typically have beneficial effects on blood pressure. Regular physical activity is known to lower blood pressure and improve overall heart health. Increasing fruit intake usually provides essential nutrients and antioxidants, which can assist in managing blood pressure. A high-fiber diet helps promote cardiovascular health as well, as fiber is linked to lower cholesterol levels and improved weight management, both of which are crucial for effective hypertension control.